Once naphtha—a light hydrocarbon mixture obtained from refining crude oil—has been separated, it undergoes a crucial process known as steam cracking.

🔥 Naphtha Cracking:

• Steam Cracking: Naphtha is heated in a furnace to extremely high temperatures (around 800–900°C) in the presence of steam.

• This thermal process breaks down (or “cracks”) the long hydrocarbon chains in naphtha into smaller molecules, mainly ethylene (C2H4) and propylene (C3H6).

• These gases are key raw materials for making plastics.

🔗 Polymerization:

• The separated ethylene and propylene are then sent through a polymerization process.

• Here, chemical reactions (often using catalysts like Ziegler-Natta or metallocene catalysts) link these small monomer molecules together, forming long chains known as polymers.

• Polypropylene (PP): Created from propylene, PP is strong, rigid, and heat-resistant—making it ideal for plastic chairs.

• Polyethylene (PE): Formed from ethylene, PE is flexible and used in a variety of plastic products like packaging and films.

✅ Why This Step Matters:
By cracking naphtha into ethylene and propylene and polymerizing them into PP and PE, manufacturers create the foundational raw materials that ensure the plastic chairs are:

• Durable

• Consistent in quality

• Free from impurities

• Suitable for injection molding

This step transforms simple hydrocarbons into versatile, high-quality materials that make Patiala Plastic’s chairs strong, reliable, and long-lasting.